Immanuel Kant's critique of happiness as an ethical principle Term Paper

Immanuel Kant's critique of happiness as an ethical principle - Term Paper Example Immanuel Kant's critique of happiness as an ethical principle In his deontological theory, which is based on duty, he emphasized on the pre-eminence of reason that lead to the actions. He indicates that it is a person’s duty to act morally by obeying the moral law. He mentions, â€Å"Everyone must admit that if a law is to have a moral force, that is, to be a basis of an obligation, it must carry with it absolute necessity† (Kant, 1785, p.51) ii. Kant defines duty as practical and unconditional necessity of action which holds true for all rational beings. (Kant, 1785, p. 26) Kant describes happiness as a natural purpose of life. He quotes, â€Å"All rational beings that are dependent; and thus one purpose that they not only can have but that we can assume they all do have as a matter of natural necessity. This purpose is happiness† (Kant, 1785, p. 20). Kant, however, finds happiness as an ambiguous feeling. He says, â€Å"The concept of happiness is so indefinite that, although each person wishes to attain it, he can never give a definite and self-consistent account of what it is that he wishes and wills under the heading of wanting happiness† (Kant, 1785, p. 21). A person’s perception of happiness is dependent on his experiences in life. A person might feel that wealth will give him happiness; someone else may want knowledge while those who feel that life itself gives pleasure may wish to have long life. However, they may not know with wealth comes anxiety in them and envy and maneuverings of others; which make the person unhappy. Knowledge may show a person the dreadfulness of evils which he was ignorant of and hence scare him. Long life accompanied with continuous illness is a burden more than a boon. Hence they may not feel as happy as the imagined on their achievement. Additionally, if a person pursues happiness, he can only get bits and pieces of advice which may be frugality, diet, restraints etc. and not detailed guiding principles as we have in case of moral laws. To explain the path of actual happiness, Kant (1785) mentions, â€Å"the completed idea of happiness requires the thought of an absolute whole—the thought of a maximum of well-being in my present and in every future condition† (p. 21). Kant (1785) adds, â€Å"There couldn’t be an imperative that in the strict sense commanded us to do what makes for happiness, because happiness is an ideal not of reason but of imagination, depending only on empirical grounds. (p. 22). Thus, a person will achieve what he imagines as happiness, depends on several factors that can impact his future states and that there is not even remote possibility that he will take up a single action that can deviate him from his mission of complete happiness. In any scenario, it is not possible for a human being to have the kind of foresight and capability to plan and achieve his sources of happiness in such a manner. Hence he can never be happy as understood in a common man’s language. Kant has expla ined that an action based on impulse to satisfy one’s feelings cannot always be right. Such an action that is motivated by some sort of inclination can never be based on moral laws. Also, what makes a person happy can be cause of other person’s unhappiness. It cannot be ethical to make another human being unhappy. Thus Kant has explained the meaning of happiness in a manner that it does not play any role in the ethical system. Alternatively he has chosen to define happiness as the end purpose of any human being’s life and not an ethic. He says: Humanity might survive even if

Macbeth Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Essay In Shakespeares famous play, Macbeth, the themes of murder, guilt, ambition and the ruthless pursuit of power is explored. He does this through the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth who are tied together in an eerie search for absolute power. Throughout the play, Macbeth reveals many traits that have horrible consequences for Macbeth himself and for Scotland. In the beginning of the play, Macbeth portrays himself as a noble, sincere man who would die for his country but as the play moves forward we discover that we may have been misled. At first it seems that Macbeth is a noble warrior, but as time goes on it becomes apparent that he is a cruel, heartless tyrant, particularly when he murders Duncan and Macduffs’ wife and babes. At the start of the play, Macbeth believes the witches’ prophesies which foretell that he will become king. After he tells Lady Macbeth ‘My dearest partner of greatness’ of the witches prophesies, Lady Macbeth hatches a plan to kill the king of Scotland, which eventually results in horrible consequences for Macbeth and Scotland. Lady Macbeth explains her plan to Macbeth and her vision for his accession to the throne which would require the removal of Duncan. She suggests the murder of Duncan. Macbeth begins to feel weary and starts to have doubts. Lady Macbeth is insanely ambitious for her husband to become king, so much so that she states ‘I would, while it was smiling on my face, have pluck’d my nipple from his boneless gums, and dash’d the brains out’ rather than go back on her word like her husband has just done. However, little did either of them know that the repercussions for the killing of the king would lead to their own deaths. The people of Scotland were living in fear of an uncertain future, which influenced them to turn against their new king. Lady Macbeth is the driving force behind the murder of Duncan. She is ruthless. She was prepared to kill Duncan herself but found that he reminded her of her father and failed to go through with it only to find a few hours later, that Macbeth had carried out the deed. From there on it was a downhill slide into insanity for Macbeth as he could not live with the guilt. After murdering King Duncan, Macbeth fears he will never sleep again ‘Methought I heard a voice cry â€Å"Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. The consequences for Scotland were catastrophic as they lost their noble king and instead found themselves being ruled by a psychopathic tyrant. Macbeth became paranoid and suspicious of everyone around him. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth could never have envisaged the consequences for themselves and their plans for the future began to fall apart. Keeping the murder of Duncan a secret tormented the couple, leading Macbeth to commit further murders. Banquo posed a threat because Macbeth feared he would get in the way of accession to the throne. He decided to hire assassins to kill Banquo and his son Fleance. Banquo is murdered and Fleance flees. That night, Macbeth is crowned and a banquet is held to celebrate. During the banquet Macbeth see’s the ghost of Banquo and has a breakdown. Lady Macbeth comes to his rescue. She tells his guests that he is having hallucinations which he has suffered from since childhood. In this scene we see Macbeth being driven mad with guilt. ‘It will have blood; they say, blood will have blood’. Behind Macbeths back, somewhere in Scotland, Lennox is walking with another lord discussing the consequences the death of Duncan will have on Scotland. Both suspect Macbeth whom they have called a ‘tyrant’, of the murder of Banquo even though Fleance has been blamed. The lord tells Lennox that Macduff has gone to England, where he will join Malcolm in pleading with England’s King Edward for aid. News of these plots prompted Macbeth to prepare for war. When Macbeth realised that Macduff had gone to England, he brutally murders Macduffs’ wife and babes who were left unprotected. All sympathy for Macbeth vanishes and is seen as a cold-blooded murderer. Macbeth reaches his lowest ebb after the murder of Macduff’s wife and babes. When Lady Macbeth commits suicide he is left with no alternative but to face his demons. Macbeth now faces the consequences of the murders alone. He goes into battle defiant and is determined not to give up. Going into war, Macbeth is faced with the prospect that he might die. He then recites his famous last words ‘Yet I will try the last. Before my body I throw my warlike shield. Lay on, Macduff, and damn’d be him that first cried, â€Å"Hold, enough! †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and is killed by Macduff in battle. The question remains, was Macbeth a tragic hero or was he in fact an overly ambitious, ruthless tyrant? The killing of Duncan does have terrible consequences for Macbeth and for Scotland, but after Macbeths’ death, Scotland’s reputation was restored. Freed from tyranny, the rightful king, Feance, took Macbeths place and descended the throne.

The Name Of The Rose :: essays research papers

In the title of the novel, The name of the Rose, by Umberto Eco, the 'rose' can signify many ideas. By making this the title of the book, Eco has attracted the attention of a reader because it suggests a number of things. A rose can be all of nature, the most beautiful of it, a girl, etc. Just as the title suggests several answers, so can the implications in the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rose can be the Church, the richest and most powerful organization in the entire world. As each of its most devoted die, a little bit of the doctrine is forgotten until the 'name becomes bare', it can no longer be understood as its whole. In return, the most learned abbey in Europe burns to the ground, much like the martyrs it exalted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Instead of seeing the deaths for what they are (just random acts, committed by several people, not one depraved person, but individual curious ones) William goes on wild goose chases, i.e. trying to find Adelmo's murderer before realizing that it was a suicide. He looks for evidence that simply is not there, then finding the next real clue, usually a body, searches in vain for what he wants to be the truth. Blinded by what he thinks is true, instead of what is right in front of his face, he searches and searches not judging by 'names' so much as placing the wrong meaning on them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Near the end of the novel, William gives Adso the following advise ' Fear prophets, Adso, and those prepared to die for the truth…he loved his truth so lewdly that he dared do anything to destroy falsehood…the truth lies in learning to free ourselves from insane passion for truth' (491). Thus, the theme of the novel is the truth. William searches for it and searches for it, and finally finds it when, infuriated, he sees the clues for what they really mean, instead of what they desired them to mean.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Semiotics teaches that each element is meaningless until it is differentiated from the other elements. This can be applied several places in the novel, first as each death cannot be solved on it own, but only in conjunction with the other murders. In addition, William singles out the library as the common denominating factor not, for example, sleeping quarters or the Church.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The title 'The Name of the Rose' can apply in this fashion: William comes across a bud, as he searches for clues, the petals continue falling off, as the rose dies, when enough petals have dropped, he can see what makes the flower.

Chlorine and Magnesium Lab Introduction

iLab, Week # 3 ATOMIC WEIGHT OF MAGNESIUM LAB Introduction The purpose of this lab experiment is to determine the atomic weight of magnesium by measuring the amount of hydrogen gas evolved when hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium. The reaction is as followed: Mg + 2HCL ? H2 + Mg2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) In this experiment there is a one to one relationship between the number of moles of hydrogen gas evolved and the moles of magnesium metal consumed in the reaction.Therefore in the finding of the experiment moles of H2 evolved is equal to the moles of Mg consumed, and atomic weight of Mg is equal to the weight of Mg consumed per moles of H2 evolved. Procedure 1st. Obtain a 600ml beaker, add 300ml of water 2nd. add 30ml of HCl (2M) to the beaker and stir 3rd. add 10mg of Magnesium metal to the beaker 4th. Allow hydrogen gas to evolve, all of the magnesium should be consumed. 6th. Record the amount of hydrogen gas evolved using the chemical property dialog. Observations and Results Moles of hydrogen evolved: 0. 000829g (8. 29 x 10-4)/ 0. 000411 moles, (4. 1 x 10-4) Calculated atomic weight of magnesium: ______________ Atomic weight of Mg = weight of Magnesium/moles of H2 Moles of H2 evolved = moles of Mg consumed Atomic weight of Mg= /0. 000411moles During my observation I noticed that when 10mg of magnesium metal was added to the beaker a shaded area appeared on the bottom of the beaker. When the bubbles stopped and the shaded area in the beaker disappeared it showed that the magnesium has been consumed. Discussion Conclusion < Within a few sentences, provide a concluding statement about the results of your laboratory>

Life of Isaac Deutscher Essay

Trotskyism is a theory by a German, Leon Trotsky who was a Bolshevik-Leninist and also a Marxist. Trotsky politics do not advocate for socialism but rather proletarian revolution in a country, proletarian revolution is a revolution whereby the working class work together to overthrow bourgeois. Trotsky’s followers are known as Trotskyist or Trot. The play Trotsky’s bar mitzvah is a ten minute play that was produced in Louisville KY. The drama explores the life of a Jew in the twentieth century. The play is somewhat based on the life of Isaac Deutscher. Isaac Deutscher was born in Chrzanow in Poland into a family of religious Jews, he studied the torah and the Talmud but by the time of his bar mitzvah he had lost his faith. After testing God by eating forbidden food at the grave of a holy person and witnessing that nothing happened, he became an atheist. The play examines the life of Isaac Deutscher and the challenges he went through that eventually led him to loose his religion. Since the play is set in modern times, the viewer is able to relate to the life of the main character in the play and understand the life of a modern ay Jew. The charm in this play is irresistible, Max Apples is willing to experiment and try almost anything. He welcomes new ideas and his language is versatile. In the play he captures the audience by recreating history afresh and using an approach that the viewer is able to relate to. The author of the play, Max Apple has been compared favorably with other prominent writers such as John Barth, Philip Roth, and Woody Allen. Although his work has received critical acclaim and enjoys considerable popularity, some commentators think Max’s work in literature may have limited relevancy due to Max Apple’s heavy usage of cultural references, he makes use of plenty of his Jewish traditions in which some non Jewish readers find hard to relate to. However, it has been posited by some scholars that Apple’s audience is increasingly a younger generation, the younger generation is more sympathetic to his flashy postmodern technique in literature and for whom the written language of the play is less meaningful than apples pictograph which is flashy. The author has borrowed real-life figures for use in his fiction for purely utilitarian and pragmatic purposes: the author assumes that his readers know some things and hence commences his work from there. He has stated that he tries to write very quickly and economically so that anything that saves him from descriptions and unnecessary words is always helpful to him. That explains why the play ‘Trotsky’s bar mitzvah’ is rather short. The playwright does not use long descriptive sentences. The play is given serious themes by the author, examples of these serious themes include: death, love, health, money. The use of humor is widely employed in his work; the author uses comic relief as he examines the variety of human attributes. To the author, allusions, ironies, and levels of meaning make writing rather tiresome and instead he prefers the use of symbols, acronyms, images, real names, datelines, and the kind of catchy and absurd headlines often found in tabloids to give his writing an edge that it has over other types of literary works. The author is indeed charming in script as well as in character as depicted in the play, he is more interested in exploring new forms of writing, Max Apples has a refreshing and an uncommon way of telling a story. In conclusion it is clear to say that that play ‘Trotsky’s bar mitzvah’ is wide known for its characteristics in comedy, intelligence, and witty inventiveness. Although it has a cultural bias that tends to discriminate non Jews or people who have no knowledge of Jewish traditions, it is safe to say that it is indeed a fascinating piece of work. REFERENCES 1. http://actorstheater. com 2. Jerome Beaty, J. Paul hunter: new worlds of literature. 3. http://seanhart. com/barmitzvah 4. http://the nation. com/doc/200503/aronson

Roshamon essays

Roshamon essays In the movie Roshamon, point of view is the predominant technique used to tell the story. What actually happens to the characters is overshadowed by the way they see themselves during the story. "There are four basic types of point of view: the first person, the omniscient, the third person, and the objective. In first person, the narrator tells his or her won story. They can either be an objective or subjective observer. An objective narrator can be relied on to relate the events accurately, but a subjective observer can't be totally relied on to tell the truth."" (Giannetti, 401) In Roshamon, the first person point of view is used but in the subjective sense. We as viewers got to see how each character portrayed themselves during the movie through their point of view. The point of view tells more about the person telling the story then the actual story. What they say reflects how they see themselves, or how they need to see themselves. For example, the bandit needs to see himself as brave and fearless. He cares more about his ego than his life. The bandit was so concerned with the fact that someone accused him of falling off his horse that he confessed to murdering the man in the woods. The bandit couldn't bear to have anyone think of him as weak. When the woman tells her version of the story, she portrays herself as being the selfless woman who would rather die than have her husband think poorly of her. She claimed to have tried to kill herself twice When the medium tells the man's story through the priest, the man has to preserve his self-image by lying to himself. He claimed his wife was so evil and he should be pitied because he was married to her. The man, in turn, kills himself just so he does not look weak because of The woodcutter's story is very absurd. He covers up for himself ...

Truman Show essays

Truman Show essays Images are reflection of our perspective, Christof the composer of the reality TV show The Truman Show has his perspective which he had addressed them in the movie. First is the manipulation of people for them to believe in the set issue, and second is to show the perfect imagination world. There are many images created by the both composers of the movie The Truman Show and the novel Galax-Arena. Both of these texts are all about creating fake world and manipulation of people to make them believe in certain things. However there are differences between the two texts as well, the purposes of The Truman Show is to entertain the audiences who watch Trumans reality TV show, to show therefore they have different storylines as well. For example Truman was born t recognize that it was a huge studio. In Galax-Arena, the children were kidnapped and were put in a strange place, which they were made to believe that it is another planet. The two texts also tried to create image which show the same perspective of manipulation t escapes, and Truman was made to be scare of waster, and that he is locked in a huge studio. The similar goal is the idea of manipulating people to believe false reality. For example, Hythe told a lie to Joella that they are in another planer, ...

13 Tough Skills You Must Master to Find Career Success

13 Tough Skills You Must Master to Find Career Success The best things in life often require you to exit your comfort zone. Career success doesn’t come easily; otherwise, everyone would shoot to the top of their field fresh our of college! Here are 13 of the skills which are perhaps the hardest to learn, but are the most worth learning. Do yourself a favor and accrue a few.1. Sleeping SoundlyIf you can establish a ritual and stick with it, you’ll never need the ever popular â€Å"sleep hacks† everyone is scrambling around for. It may be tough to get into a routine, but you will never regret it.2. EmpathyIt’s a hard one to learn, but not impossible. And it’s incredibly valuable–both in the business world and in your personal life. If you can cultivate this kind of ability to feel what it might be like in others’ shoes, you will go far.3. Time ManagementThat thing you parents were always on at you about? Turns out it’s pretty important. There’s no one right way to gain this ski ll, but as long as you find a system that works for you consistently, you’re golden. Employers will notice and be impressed.4. Asking for  HelpKnowing when you’re in over your own head and need a hand is a very important thing. Being able to ask for that help is the next big thing. But both are invaluable. This is a tough one to break, but invariably makes you look more capable, rather than less.5. ConsistencyDo you have a tendency to take your foot off the gas when you reach the next milestone? This is career death. You have to work hard and keep working hard. That’s how the most successful people get where they are.6. Staying PositiveAnd not just about others- about yourself! Projecting confidence and cultivating positivity is very important. There will be times when no one else believes in you, but you should! Always.7. Knowing When to Shut UpIf you’re whining or ranting or just talking about your kids, it’s always important to know when your audience has had enough, and to be able to shut your mouth and cede the mic. Plus, learning to bite your tongue when riled and in danger of saying something you’ll later come to regret is an important skill.8. ListeningStart by practicing active listening- repeating back part of what the other person says to you, until you get more comfortable actually listening to what people are saying instead of waiting to say your next thing instead.9. Minding your Own BeeswaxKnow when to shut up and also when something is none of your concern. Your two cents aren’t always worth putting in. Know when to use your resources in someone else’s work and when to conserve them- for the benefit of all.10. Avoiding  GossipIt’s delicious and seductive to fall into the trap of talking about someone behind their back, but it can have disastrous consequences for your reputation and relationships. Learn to keep it classy and keep your head above the fray.11.  Controlling Your T houghtsDon’t let your own monkey brain or your emotions get the better of you. Continually direct your thinking toward the future, even if it is informed by the past. Move forward.12. Being PresentPeople are constantly looking into greener pastures, dwelling in the past, or looking too far forward that they don’t remember to be present in the present moment. Focus on where you are and what you are doing and try to find happiness in that moment. If you can do it now, you’ll be able to do it in the future.13. Speaking UpNinety percent of the battle of public speaking comes from doing it a few times- until you’re not so much afraid of it. But once you get comfortable speaking in public, whether in a small meeting or a huge amphitheater, you’ll be in possession of a huge asset that will stand you well in other areas of your life and career as well.

Students are required to write a report using correct report writing Essay

Students are required to write a report using correct report writing and referencing techniques on a topic of there choice. Topi - Essay Example We were not connected by the fact that we were social scientists, but by Bollywood. Because of that Bollywood song, I felt a cultural kinship with this man. (Gowricharn cited in Assisi, n.d.). The difference between the East and West is ingrained in the difference between the Hollywood and Bollywood respectively. Hollywood films are characterized by their quality of cinematography, action and graphics. On the other hand, Bollywood films are famous for their songs, tragedy and drama. These elements mark the history of the respective nations that are associated with them. Technology is the strength of USA and arts and crafts are the strong areas of the Indian culture. India has seen a long history of Moughal rulership. Moughal kings were very fond of songs and dance. Listening songs was their favorite pastime. The same culture was passed down the line to everybody in the society. That was the time when West was busy exploring the nature and making technological advancement. The British industrial revolution of the 19th century opened the gate to technological advancement and the trend spread far and wide everywhere in the West including America. The influence of British industrial revolution of the 19th century was so widespread because Britain ruled a lot of countries in the world. Over the centuries, West has reached the apogee of technological advancement. Today, they make use of the best quality cameras for making their movies like The Master Course. â€Å"The Master Course is a powerful system of single-camera blocking and an unprecedented language of camera work, that may fundamentally change the way you direct† (Hollywood Camera Work, 2011). That is why, they come out far better in graphics, effects and print than Indian movies do. However, Hollywood movies lack songs. Every movie that is made in Bollywood has at least five to six songs. People normally place more emphasis upon the effects and quality of print that reflects in the Hollywood films an d tend to underestimate the songs that are the strength of the Bollywood movies. This is primarily an outcome of the influence of the West that has dominated the East for a major part of the history. A lot of Bollywood movies copy the stories or ideas of the Hollywood movies whereas the same cannot be said for the Hollywood movies. In this sense, Hollywood is far more original as compared to Bollywood that has tried to imitate Hollywood a number of times. A potential example of this is the movie Omkara that was released a couple of years ago in Bollywood that is actually a Hindi version of the play Othello written by Shakespeare. Indian filmmakers have changed the names of the characters, but the starting alphabets remain the same which also serve as a hint that the movie is based on Othello. For the character Lago in Othello, there is Langra Bhayya in Omkara. Othello is played by Omkara. Desdimona’s character is played by Dolly. Similarly, other first alphabets of the names of all other characters have been maintained as such. The fact that Bollywood has copied Hollywood a number of times also reflects the Indian psychology that has historically been inspired by the West. Indians wear pant shirt like Americans but Americans don’t wear kurta dhoti like Indians. Most Indians learn and speak English but there is only a small number of Americans that tend to learn and speak Hindi. The difference

Fruit Delight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fruit Delight - Essay Example They want to look and behave like the celebrities who have high influence on them. Hence, as described by Kelman, source attractiveness would be an important characteristic of our communication messenger (Egan 2007). Word Of Mouth marketing using the brand’s current customers would also influence the target audience as they are highly image-conscious and trust their peers more than others. Fruit Winders already has a positive image (especially with the mums) as far as health benefits are considered. Using these indirect customers to propagate the benefits of the product can be effectively used for viral marketing as was done by â€Å"Dove†. They used the real customers in their ads to spread a credible word of mouth (Dahlen, Lange and Smith 2009). Critique of current/recent campaigns to the same target audience The target audience of Fruit Delight overlaps that of Fruit winders for the 10-12 year olds. This can have both favorable and unfavorable implications. A major d isadvantage of this can be the confusion it can create in the minds of this age group. So, far this group of audience has been used to the symbols and self-association with these symbols. With the introduction of the new product which would propagate a different image association, the target audience would not know which one to adopt. There will be a symbol clash in this kind of brand extension. This will erode some customers from the Fruit Winder’s basket which may or may not fall into the Fruit Delight basket as they might get attracted towards other brands in the same product range. This is because they have already perceived this brand as one for smaller kids and they may not be able to associate with the new one as being for older kids. This is what happened with the global brand â€Å"Pierre Cardin†. The company diversified into so many product lines that people did not associate with the core line of business. The brand eventually died (Mininni 2006). Thus, we c an see that any failure of strategy implementation by inappropriate transfer and linkages of brand associations of the parent brand to the new product can lead not only to the failure of the new brand but also that of the parent brand (Juda 2007). However, a major advantage of this brand extension is that it is not moving very far away from its core brand values. This is an important factor to consider before going into a product line. Positive images and strengths of the current brand, Fruit Winders, can easily be leveraged to achieve a successful brand launching into a new segment (Juda 2007). This is one of the ways of â€Å"increasing the rate of new acceptance and purchase intention of customers† (Juda 2007). It can help in penetrating into a new segment while achieving advertising and promotion expenditure efficiencies. Thus, using viral marketing can be a very easy strategy to launch the new product using old customer base. Using the same TV commercials with extra info rmation on the new product can help in promoting the Fruit Delight through the younger siblings of the target audience. Current websites can be used to promote the product but content of the websites for this audience can be designed according to their interest. Using the same billboards and TV commercials to promote websites will help in promoting the product to a great extent. Positioning statement Positioning consists of two main factors –

The successes of the Ottoman-Turk Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The successes of the Ottoman-Turk Empire - Essay Example The military strength of the Ottoman Empire in terms of the advanced weapons they used was immense. These weapons were acquired from those places they conquered and also as a result of the large wealth that enabled them to purchase the weapons. This gave them an upper hand when it came to fighting other empires and they therefore acquired a large land. The military number was great and especially because the Ottoman used two different types of military tapping on the strengths of each group. These two groups were the locals and the Kapti Kallari forces and the locals. The strength exuded by such military power led to the success of the whole empire in general. Lastly is the wealth of the empire which made them unapproachable by other states which might have wanted to conquer them. The wealth was contributed by the increase in land of the empire and also wealth left behind by the Byzantine empire. The relationship between the Turks and non-Turks was very noble and people had no issues with their diversity whether from religion or even tribe. During the Ottoman Empire leadership, the Turks were very tolerant of the other people that were non-Turkish. The Ottoman people were Turks and they were Muslims but the rest of the people within that location were Christians but they related no different with them than they related with their own tribesmen and religious men. The leaders showed their fellow tribesmen that all people were equal and they could coexist if they accepted their diversity. This is another reason that made this empire very strong because they embraced diversity (Goldschmidt and Davidson, 2012). The leadership of the Ottoman empire was almost in sync with the leadership in Europe and since Europe did not tolerate religious or tribal prejudices, then the empire did also not tolerate it. The issue to note however is the fact that

Corporate Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Corporate Strategy - Essay Example (Andrews, 1997). To properly formulate its corporate strategy, an organisation must assess its organisational strengths and weaknesses, as well as its environmental threats and opportunities, which will enable it choose among alternative courses of action. (Hofer and Schendel, 1984) cited in Schneider, (1998). This indicates that an organisation must perform a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis prior to formulating corporate strategy. A number of factors have been identified as having an effect on corporate strategy formulation: for example, Kets de Vries and Miller (1984) suggest that managerial personality and experience is an important determinant of the strategy formulation process; Janis (1972) considers group dynamics as an important factor affecting the formulation of corporate strategy while Frederickson (1984); Lyles and Mitroff (1985) suggest that organisational structure plays an important role in strategy formulation. Within the context of today’s global competition, businesses and firms no-longer compete as individual companies but try to corporate with other businesses in their activities (Wu & Chien 2007:2). These researchers went further to argue that, this strategy has become quite common in many businesses including the retail clothing chain stores. The conventional vertical integrated company based business model is gradually being replaced by collaborative relationship between many fragmented, but complementary and specialized value stars and constellation (Wu & Chien:1). The next section provides a brief history of Sony Ericsson and its activities. According to the company annual review report, Sony-Ericsson emerge from the merger of two entity, in October 2001, Sony Corporation and the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson to make mobile phones. This was due to expected

An Evaluation At Primark Stores Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

An Evaluation At Primark Stores - Essay Example They are expected to produce and market the products and services ethically and in an environment-friendly manner, provide good working conditions for the employees, etc,. Along with these, the organisations owe their revenues to the society, and thus have to pay back a part of it by serving the community at large. All these expectations in Toto make up the Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) of a firm. It is defined as, â€Å"a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis† ((Mcnall & Hershauer, 2011) CSR is a means of ensuring the sustainability of an organization. Unless it conducts the trade morally, the malpractices and loop holes in the operations may surface at any time and become the organisations’ weakness in winning the hearts of customers. Decent working conditions attract good job-seekers and make the organization a better place for the employees, this again reflects on their loyalty. When a percentage of profits are diverted towards community development, the company appeals to the attention of larger audience and helps it build a brand image. Finally, the stress on environment is the order of the day and there is growing concern in the consumers towards using eco-friendly products. Thus, CSR is a social investment that reaps huge competitive advantage to the companies and guarantees their viability in the competitive markets (Banerjee, 2007). 2. Primark Stores Primark is a chain of 235 clothing stores spread in 7 countries including Ireland, Spain, UK, Netherlands, Portugal, Germany and Belgium. Associated British Foods (ABF) plc., is its parent company. The clothing line offered by Primark include men, women, kids and baby clothing, accessories such as shoes and home linen and upholstery. Its competitive advantage lies in presenting variety to the fashion-conscious customers at affordable rates. The factors tha t allow Primark to sell high fashion products at such low prices are Bulk-buying merchandising only the most popular sizes Stream-lining of operations their easy and unsophisticated design logic low expenses on promotion good ties with suppliers 3. Corporate Social Responsibility at Primark Primark’s CSR is aligned according to the instructions drawn out by ABF. These initiatives fall into 6 categories under the Twinings Ovaltine Strategy Model developed by ABF. The model is illustrated in figure 1. The facets of this strategy pertinent to Primark are discussed in the following sections. Figure 1: Twinings Ovaltine Strategy Model of CSR at ABF (Source: Associated British Foods url: http://www.abf.co.uk/our-decentralised-approach.aspx) 3.1. Its People The company believes that its human resources are one of its main assets. All the employees are treated equally, provided with equal opportunities in case of employment, training, promotion, etc., based on their skill and ability . The company gives due regard to their safety during work. They abide by the regulations set by national and international statutory bodies in the countries where they operate. Harassment is considered as a crime. Primark accords due respect to the cultural differences among employees, who belong to different backgrounds. Open communication among the entire workforce is encouraged. The strong whistleblowing policy guarantees that the employees abide by Primark’s code of conduct (Werther & Chandler, 2011). 3.2. Upstream and Downstream

Psychology of Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Psychology of Learning - Essay Example By definition, psychomotor skills refer to how the physical body responds to stimuli found in the environment. These are complex movements born out of repeated practice of various actions (e.g., driving, typing, or throwing a ball), and are measured to check an individual's ability and development. Motivation and practice frequency are the most important factors of the psychomotor domain, as well as feedback gained from experience. Here, motivation is considered to be the top consideration, because it has been proven that motivation helps increase one's speed and ability (Think Quest). Cognition is the general term to define an individual's capacity to glean and process knowledge from ideas presented to him. In fact, when Wilhelm Wundt established his laboratory in 1879 to identify and analyze human thought processes, the pioneering effort was considered the birth of modern psychology. In this domain, introspective feedback is deemed the most essential-the effect of learning as validated by one's own thoughts. The commonly-known idea of information processing falls in this category, as it studies the capability of the human mind to process specific ideas and contexts. The iconic psychologist Benjamin Bloom designed the Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain, primarily to classify and evaluate various learning objectives in the realm of experience and identification of knowledge. On a more process-oriented level, Jean Piaget developed his own theory of cognitive development that analyzes how the human mind adapts to both abstract and symbolic thinking (Huitt, 2006). On the other hand, the affective domain of learning ascribes its history and significance to the importance of emotion. It has been acknowledged how emotion can be complex, and that it can completely affect not just one's social and personal development but plays a major role in intellectual maturity as well. Studies have proven that some of the brain's particular parts are directly associated with emotion, and through this discovery, the concept of emotional intelligence was recognized. It is important to define certain terms, often loosely used in everyday language: 1. Emotion is the result of one's mental application in processing feelings and relationships. 2. Emotions are mainly experiences, always subjective, that may include several parts-from physical, expressive, and subjective connotations. (Huitt, 2003). The significance of emotions in the learning process is definite and whole, a complete area of the process through which advancement may depend. Learning is adjudged to be in progress and working towards specific goals when these three domains are in place and are noted. Education, received in school, is the structured management of each factor, that points to achieving full mental and physical maturity. In this light, the college level is assumed to hold individuals of complete development in all domains. However, it is also at this time when a person, judging from his or her psychomotor, cognitive and affective skills, shows preference for specific areas. This is where a new branch of learning comes in, one that caters to multiple intelligences. Developed by Howard Gardner, this refers to, literally, an array of intelligences, that declares how each individual excels in various areas-and one cannot be deemed more intelligent than the other, just by

An Evaluation At Primark Stores Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

An Evaluation At Primark Stores - Essay Example They are expected to produce and market the products and services ethically and in an environment-friendly manner, provide good working conditions for the employees, etc,. Along with these, the organisations owe their revenues to the society, and thus have to pay back a part of it by serving the community at large. All these expectations in Toto make up the Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) of a firm. It is defined as, â€Å"a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis† ((Mcnall & Hershauer, 2011) CSR is a means of ensuring the sustainability of an organization. Unless it conducts the trade morally, the malpractices and loop holes in the operations may surface at any time and become the organisations’ weakness in winning the hearts of customers. Decent working conditions attract good job-seekers and make the organization a better place for the employees, this again reflects on their loyalty. When a percentage of profits are diverted towards community development, the company appeals to the attention of larger audience and helps it build a brand image. Finally, the stress on environment is the order of the day and there is growing concern in the consumers towards using eco-friendly products. Thus, CSR is a social investment that reaps huge competitive advantage to the companies and guarantees their viability in the competitive markets (Banerjee, 2007). 2. Primark Stores Primark is a chain of 235 clothing stores spread in 7 countries including Ireland, Spain, UK, Netherlands, Portugal, Germany and Belgium. Associated British Foods (ABF) plc., is its parent company. The clothing line offered by Primark include men, women, kids and baby clothing, accessories such as shoes and home linen and upholstery. Its competitive advantage lies in presenting variety to the fashion-conscious customers at affordable rates. The factors tha t allow Primark to sell high fashion products at such low prices are Bulk-buying merchandising only the most popular sizes Stream-lining of operations their easy and unsophisticated design logic low expenses on promotion good ties with suppliers 3. Corporate Social Responsibility at Primark Primark’s CSR is aligned according to the instructions drawn out by ABF. These initiatives fall into 6 categories under the Twinings Ovaltine Strategy Model developed by ABF. The model is illustrated in figure 1. The facets of this strategy pertinent to Primark are discussed in the following sections. Figure 1: Twinings Ovaltine Strategy Model of CSR at ABF (Source: Associated British Foods url: http://www.abf.co.uk/our-decentralised-approach.aspx) 3.1. Its People The company believes that its human resources are one of its main assets. All the employees are treated equally, provided with equal opportunities in case of employment, training, promotion, etc., based on their skill and ability . The company gives due regard to their safety during work. They abide by the regulations set by national and international statutory bodies in the countries where they operate. Harassment is considered as a crime. Primark accords due respect to the cultural differences among employees, who belong to different backgrounds. Open communication among the entire workforce is encouraged. The strong whistleblowing policy guarantees that the employees abide by Primark’s code of conduct (Werther & Chandler, 2011). 3.2. Upstream and Downstream

Climate Change Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Climate Change - Term Paper Example For example, if major actors in the world’s politics, such as President Bush for instance, are asked about the biggest threat in the world, he may have a list of threats that do not include the dilemma of climate change. The long list of possible threats may include terrorism, security in Iraq, and the extremism of Iran. While all these concerns may be important issues to deal with, the problem of climate change should be given equal, or perhaps more, attention from all countries of the world due to its possible global effects. In that sense, Blair’s argument about the seriousness of the climate change issue is not far-fetched. Rather, his claim that global warming and climate changes should be two of our major concerns in the whole world is reasonable and valid. Actually, Blair’s concerns, which were echoed by the United Nations, about the security threat of climate change are justifiable due to the dangerous effects of global warming on health, economy, and the environment. In recent years, the world’s average temperatures are rising, constituting a serious problem, referred to as ‘global warming.’ This phenomenon occurs as a result of the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) on high levels of air. To put it in simple words, the more amounts of Carbon dioxide concentrated in the atmosphere, the higher the world temperatures will grow. Carbon dioxide is one of the main elements in the greenhouse gases that should be reduced in order to keep world temperatures from rising (Houghton). The main source of Carbon dioxide is man’s industrial activities, especially in rich industrialized countries. As made clear by many scientists, â€Å"carbon dioxide (CO2) gas generated by man's burning of fossil fuels and the forests is responsible for about half the greenhouse gas warming† (â€Å"The Effects of Global Warming.†). Thus, the indirect effect of the increasing industrialization trends in the world is the global rise in the temperature levels. This puts much of the responsibility on industrialized nations in trying to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, the change in the climate is not too slight to realize; rather, it can be felt by ordinary people, not only by specialized scientists and environmentalists. In Egypt, for instance, most people are aware that summer weather has become much hotter than the case tens of years ago. Also, there are the recurrent waves of hot weather that hit Europe, which has never used to such high temperatures before. Consequently, the change in global climate should be the concern of all kinds of people in all countries, not only scientists and those who are specialized in the geography of the world. Climate change can cause major economic problems for countries, which would have to spend huge amounts of money curing its citizens from the detrimental effect of this environmental phenomenon on health. Human bodies are unable to cope with the severe changes in weather temperatures, when they go too high or too low. Hence, human bodies are accustomed to bear temperatures that revolve around the average. So, the rise in the world temperatures has its serious negative impacts on health, causing a series of diseases and side effects. Generally, world statistics prove that â€Å"extremely hot temperatures increase the number of people who die on a given day†

Evaluation Essay Essay Example for Free

Evaluation Essay Essay The National Basketball Association, popularly Known as the NBA, was established in New York City on June 6, 1946, as the Basketball Association of America and the Chicago Bulls became a member of the NBA after their establishment in 1966. Since becoming the NBA, the basketball played during the playoffs has proven to be far more competetive than that played during the regular season of at least 60 games per team. This was proven beyond doubt when the Chicago Bulls defeated the Brooklyn Nets in the 2013 playoffs after trailing by 14 points with only 3 minutes and forteen seconds of regulation time left. This was quite hard to believe and turned out to be an unexpected reality despite the susceptibility of the Chicago Bulls to injury and the absence of their superstar, Derick Rose. With the emergence of the 2008 number 1 draft pick of the NBA, Derick Rose, drafted by the Chicago Bulls, there was hope for an NBA title for the city of Chicago which has not had any hope since the Michael Jordan era. After the horrible 2012/2013 regular season in which the Bulls suffered a great deal of injuries worst than any other NBA team, the Bulls head into the playoffs still short handed. The first impression about this Bulls team is their resilience considering their success into the playoffs despite the injury woes. The first round featured the Bulls and the Nets in what is suppose to be a seven game series with the winner being any team with the first four wins. The two teams meet at the Barclays Center in New York for game 4 of the series with the Bulls leading two games to one. The game appea red to be pretty even within the first three quarters untill the nets blowout to a 14 point lead with exactly 3 minutes and 14 seconds of playtime left on the clock. At this point, no one could see the possibilty of a Bulls win considering the absence of a superb playmaker like their all-star point guard, Derick Rose who used to lead them to numerous comeback wins. Notwithstanding, the bulls backup point guard, Nate Robinson, who is just 5 9 tall, Weighing 180 lb popularly reffered to as little Nate by most basketball journalists and analysts went to work. He can be reffered to at this point as the savior, but who could have imagined that at a crucial point like this, it will be the backup point guard, who is not ony the smallest player on the bulls roster but also one of the least regarded who will bail them out. With the nets leading by 14 at this point, all hope was lost but the Bulls coach, Tom Thibedeau, was still on his toes with the hope to salvage the situation.  Nate took over, first by hitting a three point basket. The lead was down to 11, but the Nets coach was pretty relaxed and still had hope for a victory while little Nate thought otherwise. He made 90% of all the points made by the Bulls from this point on. With the Nets loosing the ball at the other end, the bulls converted at the other end. By the time the short clock was at 1:14, the bulls had made and 8:0 run, and the battle was far from done. This was quite unexpected for many reasons. The basketball played during the playoff is way more competitive such that it is rare to see an 8-0 run at a crucial point such as in this situation. In addition to this, the bulls were very short handed compared to a very health Brooklyn team with promissing reserves as well. It all came down to this; Who had the passion, who had the drive as one of the journlists noted. At this point, even though Little Nate was the main playmaker for the bulls, all the players stepped up their game. Everyone was alert. The rebounding was up, the defending up, the players seemed unstopable at this point. Still, everyone still doubted a bulls win who were still down by 6 points with 1:14 left on the clock. Notwithstanding, the bulls believed in themselves and kept the pace. With the players doing a great job, there was one man who can be reffered to at this point as the fuel, the coach, Tom Thibedeau. He was sensational, and constantly on his toes and he is regarded as someone who believes in winning with no regards to whoever is on the court, whether they are stars, superstars, rookies or average players. This was the mentality he impacted on the bulls despite the absence of their best player. With 1:11 left, the bulls continue to make their run through Nate. Relative to his performance that night, this little guy appeared very tall and not even Brook Lopez, a very big guy of 7 ft 0 and 275 lb on the opposing team could stop him. Lopez put a huge body on little Nate whose intelligence overcame the doggy defence. He continued to nock down shots to everyones suprise. Big things come in small packages one of the journalists said in reference to his astounding performance. Both teams were level at the end of the fourth quarter and headed for overtime. This was a turning point for both teams. While the nets played well, the bulls w ere clearly the team with the bigger drive to win. Nothing could be seen to limit the bulls not even age in the case of veteran center Nazr Mohammad, the oldest guy on the bulls roster who came off the bench and hit a huge basket with a great offensive rebound that  solidified the bulls win in the third overtime. In conclusion, the bulls win over the nets in game 4 of the 2013 NBA playoffs was a thriller and no body could have seen it coming. It is worth noting that, believe and hardwork was the driving force of such an unexpected comeback.

What Is Security Dilemma Politics Essay

What Is Security Dilemma Politics Essay There are a number of security dilemmas currently working in Asia. This security conflict is driven by the competitions between pairs of countries different in their capabilities. Here, Pakistan views India as its primary threat, which in turn views China as its principal security concern. China on the other hand regards the United States as a challenger to its dominance in Asia and the United States is trying its best to maintain its hegemony and the consequent status quo. The unequal relationships in Asia have the ability to thwart global arms control and non-proliferation efforts.  [1]  They also have the deadly potential to fuel a dramatic expansion of ballistic missile and nuclear proliferation throughout the region.  [2]  Scholars gathered at a Russian think tank known as Institute of World Economy and International Relations (Imemo), which advises Kremlin, talked about the threat of nuclear war in South Asia being greater than anywhere else in the world today.  [3]   What is Security? National security has figured prominently in academic and political discussions of foreign policy and international politics since the end of World War II. Richard Ullman defines threat to national security as an action or sequence of events that threatens drastically so as to degrade the quality of life for inhabitants of a state or threatens significantly to narrow the range of policy choices of a state. The term security in International Relations has conventionally been defined to mean protection of a state or nation to threats emanating from within as well as outside its boundaries. According to Walter Lippmann, a nation is secure to the extent to which it is not in danger of having to sacrifice core values, if it wishes to avoid war, and is able, if challenged, to maintain them by such victory in such a war.  [4]  The security of a nation rises and falls with its ability to deter such attacks on its sovereignty and territory. The Western nations and the Euro-centric view of International Relations has largely identified this position with the Realist school of thought that focuses mainly on acquiring more power in the anarchic system. Scholars from the Realist school of thought have always argued that states are self-interested, power-seeking rational actors, who seek to maximize their security and chances of survival. In their view even if there is cooperation between states it is only to maximize their own security and not for any idealistic reasons. The modern nation-state is the highest form of political order we have so far been able to develop and sustain. It evolved into its present form through the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, needed to secure itself from external threats and keep its territory intact. The history is testimony to the fact that the states in the international system are unable to coexist with each other in harmony and have made each other insecure by their mere existence. Their actions in pursuit of their national security have often resulted in frequent wars when combined with that of others. Thus the concept of security as developed in the early years of security studies post Second World War took State as a unit of analysis. What is Security Dilemma? The states in the international system through their actions try to enhance their security as much as possible. There interactions are primarily responses to what is known as Security Dilemma in the literature on International Relations. It is also known as the Spiral Model. John Herz was the first to coin the term security dilemma in his 1951 book Political Realism and Political Idealism. According to him the states are driven to acquire more and more power in order to escape the impact of the power of others. This, in turn, renders the others more insecure and compels them to prepare for the worst.  [5]  In contrast to other classical realists of the time who focused on human nature as the main difficulty, he based his concept on the anarchic structure of the international system. The security dilemma is the core assumption of Defensive Realism, which believes that due to the anarchic structure of the international system, states focus mainly on their survival through any means making them obsessed with security.  [6]  In International Relations, Defensive Realism is a variant of Structural Realism with famous international relations scholar Kenneth Waltz propagating this notion. Waltz argues that the security dilemma is escapable because the weaker states will try to balance against their rivals and bandwagon with the stronger state in order to gain security in event on an attack by the enemy state. In contrast to this Offensive Realism, another variant of Structural Realism believes that states want to accumulate more power rather than just secure themselves. It points out that if states are able to gain an advantage or an edge, they will readily do so. John Mearsheimer, the strongest proponent of Offensive Realism argues that no state can be sure of other states intentions, which can change over a course of time and use its offensive capabilities.  [7]  He is in agreement with Hans Morgenthau, one of the earliest proponents of Realism in Intern ational Politics, that there is not limit of states desire for power. For Mearsheimer the security dilemma is inescapable, as the anarchic nature of the international system will force states to maximize power and enhance their security because they cannot trust each other. Neorealists and Constructivist schools of thought have also used security dilemma as a concept. Neoliberal scholars argue that one of the functions of international institutions is to alleviate security dilemma.  [8]  Whereas Constructivists assert that alleviating the security dilemma is one of the channels through which reshaping identity can remake anarchy.  [9]   Robert Jervis explains this concept as the notion that increasing a states security causes other states to increase their own security, which in turn decreases the security of the first.  [10]  The system thus coerces the states into taking certain losses to cooperate in order to bring stability and relative security. Yet the inherent desire remains to dominate the political arena through cheating, bargaining and collaborating to hinder cooperation. A security dilemma arises out of the anarchic nature of the International System. Each state has to take responsibility for its own security in the system of self-help for its own survival. Without any government at the international level, the states are left to fend for themselves. This leads to states taking every possible step to expand their capabilities in every sphere, be it economy or military, to defend itself when the time comes. The states in order to secure themselves forget about the security apprehension of the neighbori ng states and compel them to take counter-measures to enhance their security. They begin to prepare for the worst, and this common search for security leaves them more insecure then they were before. A case in example talked about in our class on National Security would be India acquiring nuclear capabilities, which put pressure on Pakistan to get nuclear weapons. The process, which started in 1960s, and 70s has left India more insecure now then ever before as Pakistan has refused to agree with a no first-use policy on nuclear weapons like India. It purportedly has more nuclear warheads than India according to the estimates of many reputed think tanks internationally. Jervis identifies a number of the factors associated with security dilemma that impede states ability to work cooperatively towards a mutually desired goal of general security. He mentions intentions, capabilities, creation of buffer states, indications of aggressive intents and incorrect perception of weapons acquired for defensive purposes. The Security Dilemma in Sino-Indian Relations: The scholars of International Relations agree that there would be a geo-political shift from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean. And it can be forcefully argued that China and India will dominate the events of the region as rising powers in the international system. Considering the past shared by these two countries after coming to their own, the chances of a classic case of great power competition are numerous. It can be better understood by studying the first Sino-Indian border conflict and the series of skirmishes between them in 1962. The war was a result of tensions that arose during the 1959 Tibetan uprising and the subsequent asylum given to the Dalai Lama after the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) took control of the territory. India on its part can also be blamed for adopting a Forward Policy intended to demonstrate its control of the disputed areas. Fifty years have now been passed since the Sino-Indian conflict and the perceptions in both the countries about each other still remain highly suspicious. There has been constant tussle over various issues between these two countries ranging from Chinas security ties with countries in the South Asian-Indian Ocean region to Indias growing interest in the South China Sea and areas China considers as its sphere of influence. India with its Look East policy has been seeking for deeper engagements with the countries earlier known as Indochina. China on the other hand has long supported Pakistan, Indias archrival, with its nuclear program and infrastructure development. These two countries have left no stone unturned to rattle each other over their actions, which are skeptically viewed and enlarged by hostile media on both sides. It has become one of the most significant factors for the deep-rooted suspicion between the two Asian giants. In this classic Great Power rivalry, China is trying hard to win by keeping New Delhi occupied within the South Asian region. China considers itself as a global power while wants to keep India as only a regional power limited to South Asia. Indias recent ascent in the international scenario with its billion-plus population and growing economy has raised eyebrows in China. The strategy China has applied is to keep aiding Pakistan in its relations with India, which will keep it occupied in the South Asian region and China can expand in the Indo-Pacific till then. While China has slowly inched towards equidistance between India and Pakistan, it continues to have a pronounced tilt towards Pakistan, which casts an inevitable shadow over the Sino- Indian relationship. Chinas other major patron-client relationship in the region is with Myanmar. This is less threatening from Indias standpoint, since Chinas interest in the relationship is not India- centric, and India for its part is consciou sly seeking to upgrade its own ties with Myanmar with some limited success. The notion of security dilemma throws substantial light on the complex relationship between China and India since the past six decades. Conclusion: As the two powers become more economically interlinked war becomes a secondary or a last resort option for them. The decision-makers in both New Delhi and Beijing are conscious of this fact. A key question that remains is whether India and China will remain satisfied with relatively small strategic forces or whether they will seek to develop large, operationally deployed forces.  [11]  India and China are expected to further spread their Spheres of Influence in the Indo-Pacific region with the US willing to support New Delhi as part of its own forward policy in the region. India has to tackle one of the major problems faced in democratic countries that being more reactive than pro-active hampers the policymaking.  [12]  The reason behind this is that the political class in India is not much familiar to international relations and foreign policy receives very little emphasis in the course of day-to-day politics. Though Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh is not a classic profess ional politician, and could even be considered more of a statesman, the tendency to look inward has prevented a more active engagement with the outside world.

Misery and the American Dream in The Great Gatsby Essay -- The Great G

"No— Gatsby turned out all right in the end. It is what preyed on Gatsby, what foul dust floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the abortive sorrows and short-winded elations of men." When F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote these words in The Great Gatsby in 1925, he perfectly described the human struggle of the time. This was, by no means, accidental--for Fitzgerald wrote meticulously and very rarely did he leave a line unrevised. No— Fitzgerald knew what he was doing; he was, in two sentences, criticizing American society like no one else had. Oh!, and what that "foul dust" turned out to be: the foundation of our morality, our greatest aspiration and our heaviest of fetters, the American Dream. It is this ideal--which our society seems to have internalized--that renders all humans, not just Americans, miserable and empty. What makes The Great Gatsby the greatest American novel is not the lyrical, charming, and rapturous nature of Fitzgerald's prose style; no-- it is its tenacity, the courage of Fitzgerald to stare look America in the eyes and tell her that she is wrong, that she leads a meaningless life, that she must abandon her innate instincts in order to b e truly happy. It is this honesty, as is epitomized in Nick, that makes Gatsby such an amazing statement and such an enduring work of art. It is impossible to analyze The Great Gatsby without paying close attention to the context in which it was written. The Great Gatsby was written in between World War I and The Great Depression. The former created by an appetite for power and the latter created by an appetite for pleasure. It was this unappeasable appetite for pleasure that The Great Gatsby criticizes. Jay Gatsby is the greatest vi... ...te in protest, he was a rebel and criticized American society with tenacity. Gatsby was a miserable man. He is in despair, his love is fleeting him and he cannot find happiness without Daisy; he is condemned to be miserable-- all dreamers are. Gatsby criticizes materialism. Gatsby has known Melancholy for too long perhaps, to make himself happy. There is no stronger image in my mind than that of Gatsby walking around New York City, trying to find purpose, trying to find a new way to live, an alternate route toward happiness. Gatsby does not want to "be a root in the dark" but he cannot convince himself that he will be happy. Gatsby's aspirations are too idealistic for him to ever be happy, for him to rid his existence of misery. Gatsby, until he is satisfied, will walk around his existence utterly miserable; his mind will never romp the Earth like the mind of God.

Why We Should Brush Our Teeth

Nicholas Ruiz VPA 192 Informative Speech Why we should brush our teeth Goodmorning, Let me ask have you ever been on the train and been sitting next to someone with terrible breath? Or been on a date and you kiss the person your with and they have a horrid smell seeping out of there mouth. These simple smelly encounters would be easily avoided if we all keep up with out oral hygiene. My name is Nicholas Ruiz and today I am here to inform you of how to keep your oral hygiene up to par and why it is so important to do so.As a dental assistant for the past 3 years I have been taught to show people how to keep the general oral hygiene were it should be. A couple of the most commonly asked questions I get is what kind of tooth brush should I use or what kind of tooth paste they should use. I tell them a soft brisal toothbrush(show soft toothbrush) is the way to go and any kind of toothpaste with Fluoride in it will work. I spoke with a doctor in my office Dr. Tad Picker he stated,† I always recommend a soft brisal toothbrush.It nurtures your teeth while you brush as were a firm brisal toothbrush can wear away the enamel of your teeth. (show firm toothbrush) And when it comes to toothpaste I say aslong at it has Flouride in it it is ok. Me personally I use Aquafresh. † Also, an equally big part is flossing everyday. You can be fantastic at brushing your teeth but only floss can get into those nasty area that your couldn’t get when you brush. Finally, a good product to use is Listerine it really does kill any of those excess germs left in your mouth after brushing.Now you should be brushing your teeth 2 times a day. I brush 3 times a day but that’s just a preference. Now when you get ready to brush your teeth, you don’t glob the toothpaste on like in the commercials with the little tale like in the commercials. (Show how not to apply toothpaste) You apply as small but sufficient amount of paste. (Show how to apply toothpaste) Now when you begin to brush you suppost to do it on a 45 degree angle as so †¦like your messaging your teeth. show example) Brushing hard does not help in your efforts to keep your teeth clean. It pushes the germs and everything in your mouth further down and makes it harder to reach. Now let me ask you why is it so important to brush and what happens when you don’t. ( Let audiences react) A lot of great answers. It is important because not only does oral hygiene effect your mouth but it can also effect other parts of your body such as your heart. Oral hygiene is a very important ingredient to the collection of things that keep your body balanced.Now when you don’t brush your teeth what happens is that any food that you eat stays on your teeth which breakdowns to sugars which turns into acids that burns away your tooth enamel. This cause things such as cavities and other infections. In conclusion oral hygiene is and should be a major part of your daily life. It is importan t that you have the right tools to be able to keep up with it. If kept up with your teeth with stay healthy and you wont have to wear those bulky dentures. Thank you.

Mmk227

MMK2 7 MM 277 U it Out ne Uni O tlin rimes ster 1, 201 1 13 Tr Un Code nit e: Un Nam nit me: ourse: Co MMK277 Marketing Manag g gement of merce Diploma o Comm of a ommunic cation Diploma o Media and Co of gement Diploma o Manag For more infor rmation con ntact MIBT: : T + 61 3 9 9244 5197 F + 61 3 9 9244 5198 E [email  protected] eakin. edu. au u W mibt. vic c. edu. au Melb bourne Institut of Business and Technolo te s ogy Pty Ltd (M MIBT) CRIC COS Provider c codes: MIBT 01590J, Deak in 00113B 0 CONTENTSA Note from your Unit Co-ordinator †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3   Contact details †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3   Unit overview †¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3   Learning Objectives †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3   Content and Topics Covered †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦    Learning Approach and Activities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5   MIBT Transitional Attributes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ 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¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6   Missed Classes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6   Assessment reviews / appeals †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7   Academic misconduct †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦    Assignment submission †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8   Late submission of assignments †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8   Learning support †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8   Grading system †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9   Changes to enrolment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..    Class Attendance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9   Student evaluation of this unit †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10   Trimester timetable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11   APPENDIX A: Exam Requirements and Instructions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document.L:Academic – Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27– 02/13 Page 2 A Note from your Unit Co-ordinator Welcome to MMK277 Marketing Management. This unit outline explains the aims of the unit and describes the assessment requirements. This Unit Guide is an essential part of this course and will be referred to throughout the trimester in lectures and tutorials. You should always read this unit guide first and check it frequently when preparing to study, or embarking on assignment work. Contact detailsUnit Co-ordinator: Room: Telephone: Email: Lecturer: Room: Telephone: Email: John Boyd Gerny la4. 111, Level 4 Building la 0419 369 114 [email  protected] edu. au Craig Allen la4. 111, Level 4 Building la 0412 735 443 [email  protected] edu. au Unit overview Unit: Unit title: Prerequisites: Teaching Method: Nature of the Unit This unit examines the nature of marketing management from a marketing planning perspective. The focus of discussion is the coordinated activities of the network of producers of goods, services and experiences which seek to satisfy their customers.Emphasis is placed on marketing strategy formulation and the use of strategic marketing mix elements in developing and maintaining a market orientation and assessing organisational performance. Aspects of marketing such as marketing research, customer behaviour, product innovation and marketing communication are also examined. MMK277 Marketing Management Nil Four hours of class contact per week are allocated to this unit. Learning Objectives On completion of this unit students should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4.Identify and explain theoretical concepts and the marketing mix elements employed in marketing strategy development; Explain the use of market information in developing segmentation and positioning strategies; Apply the marketing concept and marketing strategy in various contexts including profit and not-for-profit organisations, including government; Demonstrate effective group-based oral and written communication skills when presenting marketing plans for selected organisations. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document.L:Academic – Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27– 02/13 Page 3 Content and Topics Covered Module 1: Module 2: Module 3: Module 4: Module 5: Module 6: Module 7: Module 8: Module 9: Module 10: Module 11: Marketing: Creating and Capturing Customer Value. Prescribed Text : Chapter 1. Company and Marketing Strategy: Partnering to Build Customer Relationships and Analysing the Marketing Environment. Prescribed Text : Chapters 2 and 3. Managing Marketing Information to Gain Customer Insights. Prescribed Text : Chapter 4. Understanding Consumer and Business Buyer Behaviour. Prescribed Text : Chapters 5.Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy: Creating Value for Target Customers. Pr escribed Text : Chapter 6. Products, Services and Brands: Building Customer Value Prescribed Text : Chapters 7 and 8. Pricing to Capture Customer Value. Prescribed Text : Chapter 9. Placement: Customer Value Fulfilment. Prescribed Text : Chapter 10. Communicating Customer Value: Advertising and Public Relations. Prescribed Text : Chapter 11. Communicating Customer Value: Personal Selling and Sales Promotion Prescribed Text : Chapter 12. Direct and Digital Marketing: Building One-to-One Customer Relationships. Prescribed Text : Chapter 13.Graduate knowledge and understanding, skills and attributes This Institution aims to ensure that its higher education awards provide educational experiences designed to develop attributes (including skills, knowledge and attitudes) appropriate to the discipline area and level of the award, which will support graduates in their future personal and professional life and contribution to society. This unit contributes to the following attributes: Linked Learning Objective(s) 1, 2, 3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 4 N/A N/A Knowledge and understanding, Skill or Attribute Understanding of, and the bility to work with, a systematic body of knowledge, appropriate to the focus and level of the qualification based on the highest standards of scholarship and research Where research is undertaken: ability to initiate and formulate viable and relevant research questions Where research is undertaken: contribution to new knowledge, or an original interpretation and application of existing knowledge Where research is undertaken: understanding of the social, economic and cultural impact and application of their research, and its academic relevance and value Understanding of the professional, social, economic and cultural contexts of the discipline and related fields Awareness of ethical issues, social responsibility and cultural diversity Awareness of environmental sustainability issues and the contribution of the field of study t o address such issues Understanding and appreciation of international perspectives in a global environment Critical analysis, problem solving, and creative thinking Identifying, gathering, evaluating and using information Communicating effectively and appropriately in a range of contexts Developing, planning and managing independent work Working effectively as part of a team Effectively using information and communication technologies Applying knowledge learned in the program to new situations This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. L:Academic – Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27– 02/13 Page 4 Learning Approach and Activities The unit involves four hours contact per week. It is the intention to build knowledge on the marketing planning process and how this is successfully implemented in market- and competitororiented organisations that include profit-oriented companies, government and the n ot-for-profit sector.Internet access is mandatory for this unit with all students as all lectures and learning material is provided on it and all students are expected to frequently check with the MIBT portal for ongoing course activities. Tutorial exercises will be given to students to complete on a weekly basis during the Trimester. Learning in this unit is aided by an enthusiastic and experienced teaching team. They will monitor the classroom during week days throughout the trimester in order to engage with students, facilitate discussions of key concepts, and clarify any unit content and to make announcements. Class room discussions and experiences are a unique aid in understanding marketing concepts. The input of students will significantly help the understanding of critical marketing concepts by sharing their experiences and opinions.Furthermore, it will aid the students by offering examples of actually marketing experiences and make the classes more enjoyable. Tests are held during the semester with details available on the MIBT portal. The case study presentation must be completed in groups. Forming a group to work with, to produce an oral presentation and written assignment is a fundamental part of completing this part of assessment. It is essential you become proactive in communicating with your fellow group members, and with approaching potential group members you wish to work with. This assessment can not be completed individually. You must be part of a group in order to complete this piece of assessment.It is known that group work enhances your teamwork skills, reduces work load and provides the opportunity for you to test your knowledge with fellow students enabling you to learn valuable life long skills. Specific details and instructions related to all assessment in this unit are provided on the MIBT portal. MIBT Transitional Attributes All ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MIBT Diploma units contribute to the following graduate attributes: independent learner kn owledge base research skills time management skills report writing skills awareness of ethics of tertiary education use of appropriate technologies ability to work alone and as part of a team Prescribed texts The content of the text book and the lectures are examinable in this subject. The lecture program will provide you with key points on the range of topics to be covered in the course.Lecture material will predominantly come from the prescribed text, as well as other sources. Armstrong G, Adam S, Denize S, and Kotler P 2012, Principles of Marketing, 5e (5th edition), Pearson Australia, Frenchs Forest, New South Wales It is strongly recommended that you purchase or at least have access to this book Recommended Reading Each week introduces new chapters that must be read in the prescribed textbook. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. L:Academic – Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27– 02/1 3 Page 5 Deakin University Library Searching the Internet is a key way of finding information – especially for general and everyday topics.The Library website is a key way to find academic journals, books, e-books, subject databases and websites that contain quality information for your study of this unit, and as research for assignments. Many of these resources are online so that you can access them on campus, at home or at work – any day, any time. The Library’s help services, in person or via email, phone or instant messaging, will assist you to make the most of library services and save research time. Journals ? Journal of Marketing ? Journal of Consumer Research ? Journal of Marketing Research ? Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science ? European Journal of Marketing ? Journal of Retailing ? Journal of Service Research ?Journal of Advertising ? Journal of Marketing Management ? Journal of Consumer Psychology ? And many, many more! Newspapers and Magazine s Newspapers and weekly magazines will provide a valuable insight into current issues and developments in marketing. Many also provide articles on the Internet on topical issues. The Age (http://www. theage. com. au) The Australian (http://www. theaustralian.. com. au Australian Financial Review (http://www. afr. com. au) Business Review Weekly (http://www. brw. com. au) Ausstats database (http://www. abs. gov. au) Assessment The assessment for this subject is a combination of tests, case studies and a final examination.Weight Due date Brief description The case study has two parts, an oral presentation and written report. Each component is worth 15% of the total marks for this subject. Trimester tests. Details available on MIBT Portal The exam is a two-hour, closed-book. The examination covers the entire trimester's work. It is the students responsibility to determine the date, time and location for the examination. Linked learning objective(s) Case Study 30% During Trimester Durin g Trimester End of Semester Examination Period 1, 2, 3, 4 Tests 30% 1, 2, 3 Examination 40% 1, 2, 3 Notes: Full details regarding all assessment tasks will be provided on the MIBT portal. You must read and understand these details.The information provided here in this outline and the table above only provide a summary. Missed Classes Please note it is the responsibility of students to sit for a test on the scheduled date. Failure to sit a test must be supported by a medical certificate and shown to the lecturer WITHIN 48 HOURS OF THE SCHEDULED TEST DATE. THE MARKS FOR THE TEST WILL BE ALLOCATED TO THE FINAL EXAMINATION. IF YOU ARE GOING TO MISS A TEST PLEASE CONTACT THE RECEPTIONIST AT MIBT AND LEAVE A MESSAGE. COPIES OF THE MEDICAL CERTIFICATE MUST ALSO BE GIVEN TO YOUR LECTURER OR BY SOME OTHER ARRANGEMENT. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document.L:Academic – Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27â⠂¬â€œ 02/13 Page 6 If a student misses a mini test, they cannot sit that test in another class. Students can only sit tests in the class they are enrolled in. If a student completes the test in another class, it will not be marked and the student will get a zero for that piece of assessment. There will be an opportunity for students to catch up on missed classes. This will be discussed in class. Assessment reviews / appeals Students may appeal against the mark/grade awarded in any component of their assessment. The appeal must relate to the assessment procedures and not simply dissatisfaction with the final grade given.Appeals will be considered by the unit co-ordinator and a recommendation made to the MIBT Academic Progress Committee. Appeals are made by completing a Review of Assessment Application available from the Student Portal under Students / Forms. The form must be lodged at MIBT Reception by 5. 00 pm on the Friday after the publication of results. Special Consideration Spe cial Consideration may be provided when a student completes a piece of assessment and the student believes there have been exceptional and adverse circumstances affecting their performance. (Note: Special consideration is not normally intended for assignments and other forms of continuous assessment.Here the Request for Extension of Assignment Due Date form should be used and submitted to the lecturer concerned. The form is available from the Student Portal under Students / Forms. ) Applications for Special Consideration will be accepted on medical, compassionate, and/or trauma grounds. Supporting evidence, clearly stating specific reason, must be given with the application. Reasons such as headaches, colds or returning home, will not be accepted as grounds for Special Consideration. Students are required to complete a Special Consideration/Deferred Exam Application available from the Student Portal under Students / Forms and submit to MIBTReception, together with supporting documen tation before the assessment is due, or within 2 working days of completing the assessment. Academic misconduct The Academic Integrity and Plagiarism and Collusion Policies are available on the Student Portal under Students / Forms / MIBT Policies and Procedures. Students should make themselves familiar with the content of these policies. Plagiarism and collusion are academic offences. They are forms of cheating and severe penalties are associated with them. If a student is caught plagiarising they may be failed in that piece of assessment. ? Plagiarism occurs when a student passes off as their own another student’s work, or copies without acknowledgement of its authorship, the work of any other person. Collusion occurs when a student obtains the agreement of another person for a fraudulent purpose with the intent of obtaining an advantage in submitting an assignment or other work. ? Submitting your own work when it has been previously submitted for another unit or course. Wh enever you refer to another person’s research or ideas (whether by directly quoting or by paraphrasing them) you MUST acknowledge the source. Also, copying paragraphs from the Internet and presenting them as your own work is plagiarism. If you download and copy paragraphs from the Internet you must identify the source. References / acknowledgement of authorship (including electronic resources).You MUST acknowledge the sources that you have drawn on. This is a necessary courtesy to the original authors, and also allows the readers of your work to follow up any points you have raised. If you directly copy another writer's phrase, sentence or paragraph, then you should use quotation marks and note the source of the quote. If you use another writer's ideas, but not his or her exact words, you should again note the source. There are a number of ways by which you can refer to other people's work. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a cont rolled document. L:Academic – Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27– 02/13 Page 7For an essay the reference list should include full citations of all sources consulted for the essay and these sources should appear in the body of the essay EG. (Thwaites, 2012 ) wherever a reference to someone’s work is made, instead of footnotes. This referencing method, like all methods, involves noting the author's name, the title of the article and journal, or book, the year of publication, the journal's volume number, the book publisher's name and location, and the relevant page numbers. A copy of Guide to Assignment Writing and Referencing is available to every student during Orientation. It is also available on the Deakin University website: http://deakin. du. au/currentstudents/assets/resources/study-support/study-skills/assign-ref. pdf Assignment submission Assignments must be submitted by the due date. Students should complete the Assignment Cover Sheet (av ailable from the Student Portal under Students / Forms), attach it to their assignment and then submit the completed assignment as outlined in the assignment details. (Assignments will not be accepted at MIBT Reception). Students must keep a copy of each assignment submitted and must be able to produce the copy in the unlikely event that the original assignment is misplaced. Students must maintain backup copies of all their assignment work.Electronic loss of data is common, but is NOT a satisfactory excuse for an extension of a submission date. Late submission of assignments Extension of an assignment submission date If there is a compelling reason why you are unable to complete your assignment before the due date you should complete a Request for Extension of Assignment Due Date form, available from the Student Portal under Students / Forms and submit it to your lecturer. This must be done at least 24 hours before the assignment due date. If you submit your assignment without an ap proved extension, penalties for late submission will apply. The only exception to this is if your work is late for medical reasons and you have a doctor’s certificate to support your claim.You will not need to seek the prior approval of your lecturer but you must attach the doctor’s certificate to your assignment with a note that the work is late for medical reasons. Under these circumstances, the medical certificate must cover the entire period from the time the assignment was due until the time it is submitted. Penalties for late submissions Assignments received late and without prior approval will be penalised. A penalty of 10% of the available marks will be deducted for every day the assignment is late. Assignments received after 7 days without an approved extension, will not be marked. Learning support Students have access to group-oriented and individual learning support at MIBT.During each trimester, students can attend a series of study skills workshops conduct ed both at MIBT and Deakin University on topics such as time management, avoiding plagiarism, referencing, academic writing, critical thinking and exam preparation. The MIBT Study Skills Drop-in Centre provides students with one-to-one consultations with the Academic Skills Advisor. Students can also access the Deakin University Language and Learning Drop-in Centre at Student Life. For flexible learning, all students have access to the Academic Skills Moodle site which contains a number of resources to improve students’ study skills and language proficiency. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. L:Academic – Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27– 02/13 Page 8 Grading systemAll students enrolled in any unit will be graded according to MIBT’s standard grading system as follows: GRADE HD D CR P N DE EX RI RPL RW UP W WN XN DESCRIPTION High Distinction Distinction Credit Pass Fail Deferred Examination Exemption Granted Results Not Finalised Recognition of Prior Learning Results Withheld Ungraded Pass (Safety Units) Withdrawn without academic penalty Withdrawn Failure Enrolled Assessment Incomplete PERCENTAGE 80 – 100 70 – 79 60 – 69 50 – 59 0 – 49 Changes to enrolment ? Enrolment changes can be made through the student portal until 5. 00 pm Friday of the ? A unit can be dropped until the end of the fourth week (without penalty) and fees paid for ? ? ? second week of the trimester. the dropped unit will be credited to the next trimester.After week four if a unit is dropped fees for that unit will be forfeited. Students who drop a unit after Week 4 will have ‘W’ (Withdrawn) recorded as their result in the unit. A unit dropped after Week 8 will be recorded as ‘WN’ (Withdrawn – Fail). A unit cannot be dropped in the final two teaching weeks of a trimester. Class Attendance Attendance is an import ant element of a student’s success in their studies and it is strongly recommended that attendance is maintained in all classes. All work covered in class is examinable. Attendance will be recorded in all sessions and students should make themselves aware of the ‘Attendance Policy’ located on the Student Portal under Students / MIBT – Policies and Procedures.Where alternative classes exist for a unit, students are permitted to attend a maximum of two alternate classes per unit during the trimester. Students should collect a Lecturer Attendance Variation form from reception or from the Student Portal under Students / Forms and submit it to the lecturer of the alternate class to sign and verify the student’s attendance. The form is retained by the lecturer who submits this with the class list. Further, grants of leave from a class can be given for medical, compassionate or compelling reasons provided that original or certified medical, psychological, police or other certificates are provided. Students are to complete an Explained Absence Form from reception or from the Student Portal under Students / Forms and submit to reception.Compassionate or compelling circumstances are generally those beyond the control of the student and have an impact upon the student’s course progress or wellbeing. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. L:Academic – Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27– 02/13 Page 9 Student evaluation of this unit At the end of trimester students will be asked to evaluate all of the units they have studied during the trimester. Students are strongly encouraged to complete the Student Evaluation form for this unit and give feedback. All ratings and comments are read and given careful consideration following completion of each trimester and inform the changes which may be introduced in subsequent trimesters.This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. L:Academic – Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27– 02/13 Page 10 Trimester timetable Week 1 2 3 Week Commencing Monday 4 March 2013 Monday 11 March 2013 Monday 18 March 2013 Topic Marketing: Creating and Capturing Customer Value. Analysing the Marketing Environment. Company and Marketing Strategy: Partnering to Build Customer Relationships. Managing Marketing Information to Gain Customer Insights. Textbook Chapters Ch 1 Ch 3 Ch 2 Comments 4 Monday 25 March 2013: Thursday 28 March 2013 to Wednesday 3 April 2013 Ch 4 Mini Test 1TRIMESTER BREAK – EASTER Managing Marketing Information to Gain Customer Insights. Understanding Consumer and Business Buyer Behaviour. Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy: Creating Value for Target Customers. Products, Services, and Brands: Building Customer Value. Pricing to Capture Customer Value. Communicating Customer Value: Advertising , Public Relations, Sales Promotion and Personal Selling. Placement: Customer Value Fulfilment. Direct and Digital marketing: Oneto-One Customer Relationships. Revision. Ch 4 Ch 5 Ch 6 Mini Test 1 4b 5 6 Thursday 4 April 2013 Monday 8 April 2013 Monday 15 April 2013 7 8 9 Monday 22 April 2013 Monday 29 April 2013 Monday 6 May 2013 Ch 7,8 Ch 9 Ch 11,12 Mini Test 2 10 11 12 13Monday 13 May 2013 Monday 20 May 2013 Monday 27 May 2013 Monday 3 June 2013 – Friday 7 June 2013 Ch 10 Ch 13 Mini Test 3 EXAMINATION WEEK Trimester 1 Census Date: Results released on portal: Wednesday 27 March 2013 Tuesday 18 June 2013 This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. L:Academic – Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27– 02/13 Page 11 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES READ BEFORE COMMENCING Note: A tick (X), in a box indicates the instruction applies. A blank box indicates the instruction does not apply. X This exam is a CLOSED BOOK exam. This exam is an OPEN BOOK exam. XYou may use a (non-electronic) LANGUAGE ONLY DICTIONARY. You may use a CALCULATOR. If programmable, the memory must be empty. Mobile phones cannot be used as calculators. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: 1. 2. 3. Answer all questions in the exam booklet provided. There are three (3) sections in this exam. All sections must be attempted. Section 1 – Answer all parts of the one (1) mini case question in Section 1(26 Marks). Section 2 – Answer ten (10) short response questions in Section Two (10 x 3 marks = 30 marks). Section 3 – Answer two (2) out of five (5) extended response questions in Section Three (2 x 12 marks = 24 marks). Students must complete ALL parts of each question answered.This exam is out of 80 and is worth 40% of the marks for this subject. Answer all questions in the exam booklet provided. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. THIS EXAMINATION PAPER MUST NOT BE REMOVED FROM THE EXAMINATION ROOM This document is current at 21/0 2/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. L:Academic – Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27– 02/13 Page 12 APPENDIX A: Exam Requirements and Instructions SUMMARY OF EXAM REQUIREMENTS FOR STUDENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. You should arrive for your exam at least 15 minutes before it is scheduled to commence. You will not be permitted to sit the exam if you are more than 30 minutes late.You MUST have your MIBT student ID card with you for every exam you sit. You will not be permitted to enter the exam room without it. No electronic equipment whatsoever, with the possible exception of a calculator, may be used in an exam. Personal items (purse, wallet, mobile phone) may be brought into the exam and should be left underneath your desk. Do NOT leave valuables in bags at the end of the exam room. Mobile phones MUST be switched off. Any mobile phone which rings during an exam will be confiscated and not returned until the exam papers have bee n collected and placed into storage Find out before end of the trimester whether your exam is ‘Open Book’ or ‘Closed Book’.Find out before the end of the trimester whether or not you can bring a calculator or a printed dictionary into the exam. The penalties for misbehaving or having unauthorised material (cheating) in an exam are severe. Make sure you know before hand what materials you can take into your exams. Any extraneous written material must be handed in before the exam commences. Students found with unauthorised material in their possession during an exam may have their paper cancelled. Students who are ill during an exam may apply for special consideration using the form found on the student portal. An application for special consideration MUST be accompanied by supporting documentation and submitted within 2 working days of the exam. Students who are prevented from